We establish that the T-13910 LP allele in Fulani individuals analysed in this study lies on a European haplotype background thus excluding parallel convergent evolution. The lactase persistence (LP) trait in the Fulani is conferred by the presence of the allele T-13910, which is also present at high frequencies in Europe. This admixture was likely coupled with newly adopted herding practices, as it resulted in signatures of genetic adaptation in contemporary Fulani genomes, including the control element of the LCT gene enabling carriers to digest lactose throughout their lives. Resultsīased on genome-wide analyses we propose that ancestors of the Fulani population experienced admixture between a West African group and a group carrying both European and North African ancestries. Here we investigate the population history of the Fulani, a pastoral population extending throughout the African Sahel/Savannah belt. These changes triggered significant increases in population sizes and expansions over large distances. Human population history in the Holocene was profoundly impacted by changes in lifestyle following the invention and adoption of food-production practices.
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